Week 8 Blog - Online Learning as Online Participation

Hrastinski, S. (2009). A theory of online learning as online participation. Computers in Education, 52, 78-82.

This article promptly implies the theory, “If we want to enhance online learning, we need to enhance online learner participation,” (Hrastinski, 2009). The author discusses the constructivists model regarding the role of the instructor, perspectives on learning, and the sociocultural perspective which informs the theories of the conditions for learning. The author argues that online participation underlies online learning in a more powerful way than any other variable we are aware of and this informs the need for a theory that views online learning as online participation. To support this argument, the author highlights the documented benefits of which include spending more time synthesizing and integrating ideas and concepts, promotion of problem solving, critical and active thinking skills. A meta-analysis involving 164 studies is also presented which concluded that cooperation among learners has a significant positive impact on achievement. Another study including 82 different learning outcomes concluded that, “the greater the interaction with peers, the more favorable the outcome,” (Hrastinski, 2009).

The definition of online participation is discussed as interaction that has been conceptualized in many different ways. The authors define it as taking part and joining in a dialogue for engaged and active learning. Participation is more than the total number of student postings in a discussion forum for instance, (Hrastinski, 2009). Participation is a complex process and should be recognized as such.

This extremely short and to the point paper proposes a theory emphasizing the importance and complexity of online participation and learning. Using previous studies and theories, the author does a good job of quickly synthesizing ideas and information to inform this theory as it relates to implementing and understanding the benefits and importance of online participation. Participation is not limited, is a complex process, is supported by physical and psychological tools, is not synonymous with talking or writing only, and can be supported by multiple engaging activities. What the author calls participation is often viewed as student engagement, but this term is not mentioned in the paper in this respect which makes this an interesting oversight or intentional omission.